In this demonstration, we will not implement CRUD operation in Asp.Net Core Web API … [Fact] – attribute states that the method should be executed by the test runner 2. The code to do so might look like this: We might be targeting an API that could be running in any number of locations. In this demonstration, we will write the Unit Test Cases for CRUD (CREATE, READ, UPDATE and DELETE) operations. .NET Core is now the default standard for any web application development in the .NET world. I also authored the original docs on writing integration tests in ASP.NET Core using TestHost and related types. Step-5: Build and execute the test project Step-6: There are 2 ways of running Unit test: 1)Through Test Explorer in Visual Studio: Click on Test tab → Select Windows tab → Click on Test Explorer. This strategy is a workaround because we cannot mock an HttpClient directly. We want to test how it handles different kinds of responses from the API, but we don't want to actually make those requests. Set up data through the front door 3. In the past, I might have used a Visual Studio Web Test for this purpose, but Microsoft is dropping support for these (particularly in the cloud) so I needed a new solution. Now we’ll add a file for running some controller tests: Just like the service, so far our WeatherForecastController that consumes the OpenWeatherService just has one method called Get for returning the result of the service. That’s far enough for now. ... As you already know, this command creates the basic xUnit test project in the Glossary.IntegrationTests folder. It just has an out of the box Web API project I called Test.API. I'm using .Net Core with xUnit and the Moq framework, and I'm more or less following instructions from their documentation.I'm trying to test route api/user to get all users, and the issue was on asserting that the response was an ObjectResult containing >. That's the xUnit project set up. In this post I will focus on unit testing business logic for ASP.Net Core Web API application. This one is going to be more involved. This post is part of an ongoing series where we build a “walking skeleton” application using ASP.NET Core and Angular as well as other technologies for deployment and testing. authored the original docs on writing integration tests in ASP.NET Core, an IdentityServer sample that Brock built which you can find here, my code for testing live API endpoints using xUnit here, runs from the root of my GitHub repository, Download the GitHub sample associated with this article here, Avoid Wrapping DbContext in Using (and other gotchas), The test is async. I'm a big fan of unit tests and integration tests and have written about them frequently. In the future, we'll need to update this method to handle any errors that get returned from the API, but for now the test will just describe what the method is supposed to do. A controller unit test avoids things like filters, routing, or mo… Let’s create that project: Next, we add the test project to the WeatherWalkingSkeleton solution: Then, to see that the tests are discoverable, run: If everything is working alright, you’ll see the results of one passing fake test. Handle the “happy path” scenario — how does the service return a successful response from the API? As you unit test your controller actions, make sure you focus only on their behavior. However, with every application development, it is important to unit test your code. If your application supports health checks, which I recommend, your first test can simply target the health check endpoint. This article describes how you can use MS Test to write unit test cases for your API. When you add a new xUnit test project, you should get a simple test class (UnitTest1) with an empty test method (Test1). Lines 16-19 carry our checks. These aren't always easy tasks in all environments, especially during automated builds, but unfortunately they're outside the scope of this article. If the resource is called with a missing or invalid API key, we get a 401 status with “Invalid Api key”. This article will lay out a relatively simple way to do this in a configurable manner using xUnit. Written by the original inventor of NUnit v2, xUnit.net is the latest technology for unit testing C#, F#, VB.NET and other.NET languages. Subscribe: http://bit.ly/ChapsasSubSupport me on GitHub: http://bit.ly/ChapsSupportThe giveaway is now over. In next post I will be covering integration testing of the ASP.Ner Core Web API Controllers using XUnit. That way is environment variables, which you can read in your tests (and set in your CI/CD scripts). We'll have to simulate the kinds of responses the API might return. Now, let’s add a couple more tests to test adding a person with single and multiple email addresses: You have to make sure not only that your changes work as intended, but also that the untouched code continues to do its expected job. Download the GitHub sample associated with this article here. The directory and file structure thus far should be as follows:Make PrimeService the current directory and run dotnet new classlib to create the source project. Using this as sample code: This is what the test discovery looks like inside Visual Studio: When you click "Run All", this is what Visual Studio shows: If you look at the Output window, you'll see a … Create a directory called unit-testing-using-dotnet-test to hold the solution.Inside this new directory, run dotnet new sln to create a new solution. In order to run your integration tests, you will need to add a test project to your solution. Test1(). Fortunately, you can use this script to accomplish the task in a Windows cmd prompt: The above script runs from the root of my GitHub repository, so if you clone or download the repo and run it (on Windows) it should work. Here are some of the reasons why you would need to use xUnit over other Unit testing frameworks. Verify direct outputs 6. It will take on a similar structure to the API project so that it will be easier to compare a class to its tests. xUnit is a free, open source Unit testing framework for .Net developed by Brad Wilson and Jim Newkirk, inventor of NUnit. If you run the tests, all should be good. Since we do not want to call the actual OpenWeatherMap API, we will set up a substitute class where we can simulate the responses. xunit - 2.2.0-beta2-build3300; dotnet-test-xunit - 2.2.0-preview2-build1029; Microsoft.NETCore.App and Microsoft.AspNetCore.TestHost - 1.0.0; Creating an integration test project. Testing ensures that your application is doing what it's meant to do. But if I want to run the script from the root of my GitHub repository, or from my test project folder, that's obviously a problem. Here are the methods: Note that the [Fact] annotation allows a test explorer to find and run any test methods. In order to run your integration tests, you will need to add a test project to your solution. From this tutorial, we were able to install a test library for an ASP.NET Core WebApi project. These posts proved especially helpful in figuring out how to use HttpClient in tests. Fortunately, .NET core has excellent support for MS Test. It might be running locally, or it could be in a local container or Kubernetes cluster with its own IP address or local domain. This article will demonstrate how to write Unit Test Cases for CRUD operations in Asp.Net Core Web API with xUnit project. First use ASP.NET Core API template to build an application. So in our tests, we'll build an OpenWeatherService with the API response that we expect, then build the controller with that. We can also predict a few other scenarios: Add a file to the ./Tests/Infrastructure directory called OpenWeatherResponses.cs. 5 thoughts on “ Unit Testing in ASP .NET Core 3.1 ” Pingback: Dew Drop – May 26, 2020 (#3204) | Morning Dew Pingback: The Morning Brew - Chris Alcock » The Morning Brew #3001 Jim Cooper May 27, 2020 at 4:56 am. It will have a static method called OpenWeatherClientFactory. Line 14 calls the Add method in our repository passing in the person. I modified it slightly and added tests to it and you can find my code for testing live API endpoints using xUnit here. Integration tests are a great way to test infrastructure connectivity of various components of a solution such as testing request/response to your Web API, against external systems such as databases file systems etc.. Why am I choosing to use xUnit.net as my test framework ASP.NET Core uses it internally to test the product. This article shows how an ASP.NET Core API could be tested using system tests implemented using XUnit. This is convenient, as we don't need to have the API running before we run these tests. Again, this requires the auth server endpoint to be running when you run the test: Now that you have the code to get a token using a known good user/password, building a real API endpoint test is pretty straightforward: You may want to be able to launch the web server and run the tests from a command prompt without having to do any manual work. The packages includes a WebApplicationFactory class which is used to bootstrap the API in memory. If you found this helpful, consider helping others find it by retweeting it using the tweet below, along with your own comment. It follows more community focus to being expand. Net core. Create sample project. Create an xUnit project in Visual Studio 2019. This is to establish a pattern of tests that describe the code, and as the application grows in complexity, we'll be sure new changes won't break prior functionality. NUnit and mstest are common testing tools for. xUnit is a free, open-source, testing tool for .NET which developers use to write tests for their applications. So far, the class contains one method: GetFiveDayForecastAsync. Some of those attributes, we are going to use are: 1. If you would like to start from the beginning, this post will introduce the project and walk you up to this point. In this post I will focus on unit testing business logic for ASP.Net Core Web API application. Afterwards, do a search for "xUnit" and click on "xUnit Test Project (.NET Core)". Even stranger, if they run the test individually, it runs fine; it's only when they use "Run All" that the test does not appear to run. In this video, I will be doing integration testing for the ASP.Net Core Web API application. In this article, I will explain about the xUnit framework. 200, 400, 401. After this a new pane will open on the left side which will contain all the test cases found by the test … While our previous tests were strictly isolated unit tests - the API and the HTTP client were mocked - I'd like the controller tests to be more of an integration test: I'd like to know how it responds to different results from the OpenWeatherService that it depends on. There are three different test frameworks for Unit Testing supported by ASP.NET Core: MSTest, xUnit, and NUnit; that allow us to test our code in a consistent way. Conveniently for us, there is a xUnit testing project template out-of-the-box when using visual studio 2019, so we are going to make use of that. This test class should be a public class and the test method should be decorated with a [Fact] attribute. Open a shell window. Preparing the Testing Project. In a r… The strategy I’ve decided on is to test how the OpenWeatherService responds to different possible responses from the third-party API. The last piece of infrastructure we’ll need is a static class that can return some canned responses that sort of look like the responses that would come back from the OpenWeatherMap API. Luckily, the Microsoft.Extensions.Logging library that it the interface comes from also has a class called NullLogger that lets us just pass in an empty logger since logging has nothing to do with the functionality that we're testing. From testing the API in Postman, we can see that a successful response returns an array of objects that resemble the project’s WeatherForecast class with an HTTP status of 200. When running the tests, the access token needs to be requested, and used to access the APIs. Also, our service class uses an IOptions object in order to extract a secret API key to use. By now, our application is a minimally functional web API that organizes and returns weather data from a location. Let’s add directories for any controller and service classes: Then we’ll add the test classes. Testing an API endpoint is itself a pretty simple thing to do assuming the API you're testing is running and you can get to it. xUnit is a unit testing framework which supports .NET Core . We will mock it using the Moq library: The handler has a method called SendAsync that is called to send the request, so we will use Moq to set up the response that we want: With our fake message handler, we’ll create a real HttpClient object: And then we’ll create a mock IHttpClientFactory that returns our HttpClient. However, xUnit earns points over other frameworks as it has addressed some shortcomings and mistakes of its predecessors. We need to add a reference to our test project so that it can access the classes from the API library under test: Lastly, we’ll add a few directories and test classes to the testing library. Here are a couple of responses that we can expect from GetFiveDayForecastAsync: Add a test file in the .Tests/Services_Tests directory: The class, with all of the using statements should start like this: Inside the service, let’s add two methods for each of the descriptions we want to provide. One challenge with scripting the running of ASP.NET Core apps is that by default they expect you to call dotnet run from the project root. The attribute indicates that this is a test method without any parameters, e.g. By convention your test projects should reside in a subfolder, test, of the root folder. To that end, I started from an IdentityServer sample that Brock built which you can find here. It seems a trivial statement, but sometimes this statement is underrated, especially when you change your existing codebase. I will be using TestServer from the ASP.Net Core Web API testing infrastructure and XUnit for testing framework. It's important that the test be able to have the API's location passed into it. xUnit.net works with ReSharper, CodeRush, TestDriven.NET and Xamarin. it may be popular according to a very small survey, but it is … When you unit test controller logic, only the content of a single action or method is tested, not the behavior of its dependencies or of the framework itself. We don't want any API keys to appear in our code, and in fact it's not really important whether we have a real API key or not, so we'll have to create a service to test with an alternate IOptions object. First use ASP.NET Core API template to build an application. If it's doing its job, it should provide you with reasonable confidence that the API is working (or not). In the next post, we’ll then use those tests to scaffold some exception handling that’s missing from our classes right now. After writing tests for the service, we'll then set up the service with the WeatherForecastController to test that data is returned properly from the API. Having a solutionmakes it easier to manage both the class library and the unit test project.Inside the solution directory, create a PrimeService directory. xUnit.net is a free, open source, community-focused unit testing tool for the.NET Framework. With the service instantiated, we'll call GetFiveDayForecastAsync. xUnit. It could be deployed in Azure or AWS or anywhere else for that matter. $ git clone -b 2_adding-async --single-branch git@github.com:jsheridanwells/WeatherWalkingSkeleton.git, $ dotnet user-secrets set "OpenWeather:ApiKey" "" --project ./Api/WeatherWalkingSkeleton.csproj, $ dotnet new xunit -o Tests -n WeatherWalkingSkeleton.Tests, $ dotnet sln WeatherWalkingSkeleton.sln add ./Tests/WeatherWalkingSkeleton.Tests.csproj, $ dotnet add Tests/WeatherWalkingSkeleton.Tests.csproj reference Api/WeatherWalkingSkeleton.csproj, $ mkdir ./Tests/Controllers_Tests ./Tests/Services_Tests, $ touch ./Tests/{/Controllers_Tests/WeatherForecastController_Tests.cs,/Services_Tests/OpenWeatherService_Tests.cs}, namespace WeatherWalkingSkeleton.Tests.Infrastructure, $ dotnet add Tests/WeatherWalkingSkeleton.Tests.csproj package Moq. Steve is an experienced software architect and trainer, focusing on code quality and Domain-Driven Design with .NET. So, if your system is an API, an E2E test is a test that verifies that the API is correct. Thanks! Git and Github: A Love Story or Something Like That. Compared to other unit testing frameworks, it stands out with its ease of development and its approach to behaviors like SetUp, TearDown, OneTimeSetup . We will write at least 3 different Unit Test Cases for 3 different scenarios. The dotnet CLI contains a template for adding a xUnit test project, as well as templates for the nUnit and MSTest libraries. Unit tests do not detect issues in the interaction between components—that is the purpose of integration testing. The protocol and domain and base route of the API are not hard-coded. In this demonstration, we will write the Unit Test Cases for CRUD (CREATE, READ, UPDATE and DELETE) operations. It is essentially a testing framework which provides a set of attributes and methods we can use to write the test code for our applications. Unit testing ASP.Net Core Web API using XUnit for testing framework and Moq for mocking objects. [Theory] – attribute implies that we are going to send some parameters to our testing code. In next post I will be covering integration testing of the ASP.Ner Core Web API Controllers using XUnit. In order to make the method more versatile, we'll give it two arguments: StringContent content will be the simulated response from the API and HttpStatusCode statusCode will be HTTP response code, e.g. If you just want to test this out locally, you just need to make sure you launch the web app before you run the tests (if you expect them to pass). Before we do anything else, we need to make sure that we reference any projects that we are testing in our xUnit project. You then need to add a dependency to the project und… Compared to other unit testing frameworks, it stands out with its ease of development and its approach to behaviors like SetUp, TearDown, OneTimeSetup. The Moq framework provides an easy mechanism to mock the dependencies which makes it easier to test classes having constructor injection. The setup for creating the controller as our system under test is as follows (Note, I'll copy in the full method further down): After the controller is created we will await the result and convert it to an OkObjectResult that will contain the API response to evaluate: Lastly, we’ll make sure that a successful response from the OpenWeatherService results in a "success" response from the controller, along with the List object that we're expecting: Altogether, the WeatherForecastController_Tests class should look like this: Run the tests again, and we should have three total successful tests. Use ASP.NET Core's TestServer in xUnit to Test Web API Endpoints: TestServer - Part 1 20th November 2020 Using ASP.NET Core's TestServer allows us to create an in-memory web server. We also created some initial infrastructure to control the dependencies that we are not testing as well as create a mock version of a third-party API so that we can control the different responses it might give. You can either add the files via command line or scaffold a class with the IDE you’re using: We’ll also create an Infrastructure directory for any fixtures or utilities needed to support the test classes: Lastly, the fake example test can be removed: The OpenWeatherService will be the trickier class to test because it creates an HttpClient object to make calls to a third-party API. But, let’s test those validation rules and make sure that everything works as expected. I’ve read lots of opinions on software testing from engineers much more experienced than me — from strictly adhering to test-driven development to strategies that might be more pragmatic. It kindly already includes a test method, decorated with [Fact] , a method attribute that's part of the xUnit testing library. However, that's not how xUnit works. Unit testing involves testing a part of an application in isolation from its infrastructure and dependencies. In the test class, we inject the factory into the constructor. Since it's a private method, we can't test it in isolation, but since we know that GetFiveDayForecastAsync depends on it, any failures from the private method will be indicated when testing the public method. If you are unfamiliar with test concepts and/or xUnit, check the Unit testing C# in .NET Core using dotnet test and xUnit. It configures a one-project API solution with IdentityServer for auth. xUnit is an open-source unit testing tool for the.Net Framework and offers.NET Core support. Right click on Solution > Add > New Project Go to Installed > Visual C# > Test > xUnit Test Project (.NET Core) Set the name for project as WideWorldImporters.API.UnitTests Click OK Manage references for WideWorldImporters.API.UnitTests project: Now add a reference for WideWorldImporters.API project: Parameters: Name Type Description; failures: fn: function Let’s start by creating a new xUnit Test Project and naming it EmployeesApp.Tests: A new project will prepare a single test class for use, named UnitTest1.cs and will have installed xUnit library and xUnit runner as well: This is a nice xUnit feature and one that makes it much nicer to work with async code like. And add the API key to the secrets store for this project: Test that the web API is working properly up to now: Write tests to describe the classes’ current functionality. xUnit is an important framework for testing ASP.NET Core applications - for testing Action methods, MVC controllers and API Controllers. 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